ECMO is commonly used in critical care settings for conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe pneumonia, heart failure, and post-cardiotomy shock. It is also employed during lung or heart transplantation procedures, allowing physicians to manage patients with compromised cardiac or respiratory function.

While ECMO can be life-saving, it is not without risks. Potential complications include bleeding, infection, clotting, and damage to blood cells. Additionally, the insertion of ECMO cannulas may lead to vessel injury. The overall risk depends on the patient’s health status, the underlying condition, and the expertise of the medical team managing the ECMO.

The duration a patient can remain on ECMO varies depending on the underlying condition and the rate of recovery. In some cases, ECMO is used for a few days to allow the heart or lungs to recover, while in others, it may be needed for several weeks. The medical team continually assesses the patient’s progress and adjusts the treatment plan accordingly.

Yes, ECMO has been used as a supportive measure for critically ill COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory failure. However, its use is carefully considered, and decisions are based on individual patient needs. ECMO can provide vital support when conventional mechanical ventilation is insufficient, offering a chance for the patient’s lungs to recover while the body fights the viral infection.